Filter



2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0. LONG.

Filter. No. 231,066. Patented Aug. 10,1880.

TTORNE NiTEn STATES ATENT OFFICE.,

OLIVER LONG, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FILTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,066, dated August10, 1880.

Application filed December 9, 1879.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, OLIVER LONG, ofPhiladelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Filters; and I dohereby declare thefollowin gto beafulhclear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make and use it, reference being had to the aeeompan yi n gdrawings, which form part of this specification, in which- Figures l to5 are sectional elevations, showing the construction of the centralcylinder of a nest of filters constructed and arranged according to myinvention. Figs. 6,7 vare like views of the middle cylinder; Fig. l0, alike View of the outer cylinder. Figs. 8 and 9 are detail plans. Fig. 12is a broken detailelevation. Fig. l1. is avertical longitudinal sectionof a filter composed of one nest ofcylinders, and Fig. 13 is a sectionalperspective of the multiple-filter. My invention has for its object toincrease the surface or capacity within any given area of the filterin gmedium, and also to effect more perfect filtration by subjecting theliquid requirin gto be liltered to successive percolations through twoor more iiltering media, whereby the impurities are removed at serialstages of the process, and not, as heretofore, all at one stage.

My invention accordingly consists in providing aiilter consisting of areceiving-vessel in which are placed nests of ltering-cylinders, eachnest consisting of two or more cylinders of different diameters placedone within the other. Said cylinders may be either in themselves porousas porous stone-or rendered porous by wrapping around a suitable frameany appropriate porous tlterin g material, such as paper, iiannel,felt,&c. The cylinders are each secured in water-tight sockets in the bottomof the vessel in which is the liquid to be ltered, and the lteringmedium, when wrappin g material around frames is employed, :is sosecured at the top and bottom of each such cylinder that no liquid canfind passage to theinterior thereof exceptby passing through the walls.The inmost cylinder is provided with a nozzle at one or both ends,having an orifice sufficient to convey the iiltered liquid to areservoir below, or communicating with the ltering-vessel, and thisnozzle is inserted tightly in the base of the tub, tank, orliquidholder. The larger cylinders envelop the smaller, giving acle'arspace between them suflicient to afford a full supply of the liquidbeing tiltered to the smaller cylinders within. One nest is, or anynumber of nests of such cylinders are, placed in a suitable pail, tub,tank, or other vessel, a series of nests being preferable wherever thediameter of the vessel will permit, so as to utilize the whole availablecubic space.

For most purposes I prefer to use flannel of close texture for the outercylinders, and liltering-paper for the innermost cylinder; but theentire series composing a nest may be wrapped with the one kind ofmaterial-t'. e., paper, flannel, felt, or other substance. The wrappingused lnay be secured on the cylindrical frames by any suitable means,such as rings, clamps, or flexible or elastic bands; and to protect thepaper from abrasion or injury, as well as to retain it in position, asheet of wire gauze or netting or equivalent material may surround itand be retained by any suitable means.

The advantages of this construction of filter are that each cylinder,being free from contact with its neighbor, the filtration by each iscomplete in itself', and thus rendering the resistance of the accretionsless and less as the liquid passes from one cylinder to another, a greatincrease in rapidity of outiiow is attained over any system Where theliquid is required to percolate through several layers of filteringmaterial lying on one another.

The wrappers of each cylinder can be reA moved, cleansed, or replaced byfresh ones without stoppage of the work of filtration, the change beingmade on one cylinder at a time. Also, as the tendency of sediment isfirst to attach itself to the lower end of the cylinders, the two endsof which are alike, they may be reversed or inverted and the speed ofoutflow maintained for a long period without chan ging or removing thewrappers.

The construction of the cylinders, when not in themselves porous,consists of rims orhead's of spun metal united by bars, wire-netting, orother open or skeleton material. In some cases the cylinders may consistof heads without intermediate rigid frames and tubes or bags of felt orequivalent material.

All the cylinders except the inmost, the nozzle at one end of which issecured in aholein the bottom of the liquid-holdin g vessel, are securedin metal sockets fixed to said bottom, so that each cylinder, when soplaced, is water-tight at its junction with said vessel; or anyequivalent construction may be adopted which will make the ends or headswater-tight, so that liquid to pass into acylinder must percolatethrough its wall of iiltering material, and can only pass ont by thenozzle or opening .in the lower end of the inner cylinder.

In the annexed drawings, A indicates the tank for holding the cylindersand the liquid to be iiltered. It may have only a single set or nest ofcylinders, in which case the nozzle of the inmost cylinder would projectthrough its single bottom; or it may (and for all purposes whereextensive filtration is designed should) have several nests ofcylinders, the nozzle ofthe inmost cylinder ot' each nest pass` ingthrough the false bottom B, so as to discharge the filtered liquid fromall the cylinders into a common chamber, C. l

D E F are the filtering-cylinders, located within one another7 withclear spaces d c bctween them, the annular ends of such spaces beingclosed. Each cylinder, as shown, consists of a skeleton-frame connectingclosed or water-tight heads, the inmost cylinders being provided withnozzles j', whereby they are secured in position in openings in thebottom or false bottom of the vessel A, and whereby the iiltered liquid{inds egress. Around the frame or' each cylinder is a wrapping of felt,flannel, paper, or equivalent material for filtering purposes, indicatedby the letters g g' g2.

What I claim as my invention isl. A filter composed of a portableliquidholder and tWo or more nests of filtering-cylinders therein, eachnest consisting of two or more cylinders of different diameters, placedone within the other, as set forth.

2. The combination of two or more filtering cylinders placed one withinthe other with a clear space between, the bottom of such space bein gclosed, so that the liquid filtered through one cylinder will pass fromsaid space through the other cylinders, any one of said cylinders heiligindependently removable for purposes of cleaning, as set forth.

3. A nestof ltering-cylinders consisting of an internal cylinder withescape nozzle or orice, and one or more surrounding cylinders, av clearspace with closed end or bottom being left or provided between thecylinders, any one of said cylinders being independently removable forpurposes of cleaning, as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this5th day of December, 1879.

OLIVER LONG.

Witnesses WM. LARZELERE, S. J. VAN S'rAvoREN.

